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Cost

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Mabs are more expensive to manufacture than small molecules due to the complex processes involved and the general size of the molecules, this is all in addition to the enormous research and development costs involved in bringing a new chemical entity to patients. They are priced to enable manufacturers to recoup the typically large investment costs, and where there are no price controls, such as the United States, prices can be higher if they provide great value. Seven University of Pittsburgh researchers concluded, "The annual price of mAb therapies is about $100,000 higher in oncology and hematology than in other disease states," comparing them on a per patient basis, to those for cardiovascular or metabolic disorders, immunology, infectious diseases, allergy, and ophthalmology.
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Side effects

Several monoclonal antibodies, such as Bevacizumab and Cetuximab, can cause different kinds of side effects. These side effects can be categorized into common and serious side effects. Some common side effects include: Among the possible serious side effects are:
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History

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The role monoclonal antibodies have come to assume was first postulated by early 20th century immunologist Paul Ehrlich, who proposed the idea of a medical Zauberkugel , a "magic bullet". This would be a compound that could be made to selectively target a disease-causing organism, which would allow a toxin for that organism to be delivered along with it. He and Élie Metchnikoff received the 1908 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for this work. In the 1970s, the B-cell cancer multiple myeloma was known. It was understood that these cancerous B-cells all produce a single type of antibody (a paraprotein). This was used to study the structure of antibodies, but it was not yet possible to produce identical antibodies specific to a given antigen.: 324 Production of monoclonal antibodies involving human–mouse hybrid cells was first described by Jerrold Schwaber in 1973. This work remains widely cited among those using human-derived hybridomas. In 1975, Georges Köhler and Césa...
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